By Wolfgang Ruppert
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A) Determine an initial distribution vector if the town currently has a Democratic mayor, and (b) show that the components of d(1) are the probabilities that the next mayor will be a Republican and a Democrat, respectively. 20. 1. (a) Determine an initial distribution vector if this year’s crop is known to be poor. (b) Calculate d(2) and use it to determine the probability that the harvest will be good in two years. 7 The Geometry of Vectors Vector arithmetic can be described geometrically for two- and three-dimensional vectors.
4, is the angle from the positive horizontal axis to the directed line segment measured in the counterclockwise direction. Example 1 Graph the vectors v = [2 magnitude and angle of each. 5. 4◦ . 1 = −1, and −1 θ = 135◦ . 14, tan θ = To construct the sum of two vectors u + v geometrically, graph u normally, translate v so that its initial point coincides with the terminal point of u, being careful to preserve both the magnitude and direction of v, and then draw an arrow from the origin to the terminal point of v after translation.
Here B was obtained by removing from A the first and second rows together with the first and third columns, while C was obtained by removing from A the second, third, and fourth rows together with the first column. By removing no rows and no columns from A, it follows that A is a submatrix of itself. A matrix is said to be partitioned if it is divided into submatrices by horizontal and vertical lines between the rows and columns. By varying the choices of where to put the horizontal and vertical lines, one can partition a matrix in many different ways.