By Charles L Byrne
"Designed for graduate and complex undergraduate scholars, this article presents a much-needed modern creation to optimization. Emphasizing normal difficulties and the underlying thought, it covers the basic difficulties of restricted and unconstrained optimization, linear and convex programming, primary iterative resolution algorithms, gradient equipment, the Newton-Raphson set of rules and its versions, and �Read more...
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Extra info for A first course in optimization
Example text
2) we then have |cn | c p |dn | d q 1 ≤ p |cn | c p p 1 + q |dn | d q q . Now sum both sides over the index n. 2 Minkowski’s Inequality Minkowski’s Inequality, which is a consequence of H¨older’s Inequality, states that c+d p ≤ c p+ d p; it is the triangle inequality for the metric induced by the p-norm. To prove Minkowski’s Inequality, we write |cn ||cn + dn |p−1 + |cn + dn |p ≤ n=1 N N N n=1 |dn ||cn + dn |p−1 . n=1 Then we apply H¨ older’s Inequality to both of the sums on the right side of the equation.
For example, take the function f (x) = x defined on the real numbers and C the set of positive real numbers. In such cases, instead of looking for the minimum of f (x) over x in C, we may seek the infimum or greatest lower bound of the values f (x), over x in C. 1 We say that a number α is the infimum of a subset S of R, abbreviated α = inf (S), or the greatest lower bound of S, abbreviated α = glb (S), if two conditions hold: 31 32 A First Course in Optimization (1) α ≤ s, for all s in S; and (2) if t ≤ s for all s in S, then t ≤ α.
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter Summary 31 31 32 34 36 36 38 39 39 The theory and practice of continuous optimization relies heavily on the basic notions and tools of real analysis. In this chapter we review important topics from analysis that we shall need later. 2 Minima and Infima When we say that we seek the minimum value of a function f (x) over x within some set C we imply that there is a point z in C such that f (z) ≤ f (x) for all x in C.